Proposed,
Experimental and Theoretical, Non-Invasive
Do-It-Yourself
Methods For Accomplishing Parasite,
Fungal,
Viral and Pathogen Neutralization In
PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
by
William G. Drew,
Ph.D.
By training I am a Neuropsychopharmacologist. People with
my training typically teach medical students and doctors while
they are in allopathic medical schools or while they are going
through their internships or residency. I was no different
in this background.
The teaching of numerous courses in pharmacology, neuropharmacology
and neuropsychology to hundreds of medical students and dozens
of graduate students over nearly a fifteen year period was not
without consequences. My research work resulted in approximately
50 published studies in well respected, peer-reviewed medical
journals and was meritoriously sufficient to win $4.6 million
in federal research grants.
However, growing dissatisfaction with the allopathic practice
of medicine and the negative influence their philosophy and
affiliations exert on basic medical research prompted an early
retirement. Then began years of intensive self-reflection and
work to de-bias my scientific and medical underpinnings. Concurrently,
I was suffering from coronary artery disease and lived through
3 heart attacks, six angioplasties and a triple bypass operation.
Ten months later the bypass shunts had closed and I nearly lost
my life, when, in the first week of May 1995, my heart stopped
5 times. I realized that to continue to rely on conventional
medicine would have worrisome consequences. Desperately I looked
for alternatives just to stay alive. I found them and got much
more than I ever believed possible.
Thankfully, to look at me now you would never know just how
sick I had been. Without some reference point, one fails to
appreciate change. Accordingly, it is hard to see just how
fatally flawed allopathic medicine really is. Tragically, these
analogies reveal the true extent of our health ignorance, a
blindness that has not only been extended, but exploited fully
by a drug industry that should be held accountable for the lethal
consequences of their acts.
Pharmaceutical misrepresentations have done great harm in terms
of human consequences. Together with the strategic alliances
these corporate powerhouses have forged with the cereal industry,
the dead food industry, the chemical lobbies, and the on-going
complicity of the medical profession, the public is in grave
danger of a total health collapse. Not only is allopathic medicine
fatally flawed, support industries operate with hidden agendas
and now control medical and nutritional advertising, promotions,
research grants, and regulatory agencies. There can be no restoration
of health, promotion of basic research or effective alleviation
of diseases when the parties involved have vested interests
in maintaining sub-optimal public health and "captured"
control of regulatory agencies.
Along with thousands of other health professionals I now feel
that many aspects of the practice of medicine are immoral, unethical,
impractical, financially devastating and must be stopped. The
immorality comes from the inescapable fact that the medical
establishment not only holds sick people hostage but makes a
business, even a monopoly out of illness and suffering. This
is immoral. I would not necessarily hold this view had I not
been witness to repeated medical establishment cover ups and
deliberate attempts to discredit revolutionary findings and
cures that would end human suffering on a massive scale. These
were acts done by those with vested interests in keeping people
sick. It is immoral to deprive people of access to information,
new or old, that can cure diseases, remove the underlying causes
of sickness or that can restore health.
It is imperative that all people take back the power to restore
their own physical and financial health. As Dr. Clark has stated,
"The human species can no longer afford to make a business
out of illness...The concept of health as a narrow professional
concern is obsolete." So it is with this understanding
and from this background that Health Restoration Consultants
came into being. By "Empowering Through Knowledge"
we now have new ways of looking at and ridding ourselves of
psychotic disorders and schizophrenia.
NOTICE
TO THE READER
The opinions expressed in this informational
brochure are based on my scientific research and the published
scientific and clinical research of others, notably Hulda Clark,
Ph.D., N.D.
Be advised that the information
contained in this brochure is for educational purposes only.
No prescriptive advice is being offered. The treatments outlined
herein are not intended to be a replacement or a substitute
for other forms of medical treatment, conventional or otherwise.
ALWAYS CONSULT WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN OR OTHER HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
WHEN ILL.
Be advised also that everyone is
unique, in different states of health, different in age, sex
and environmental background and may respond differently to
any conventional medical treatment or other forms of treatment.
Any new treatment carries with it the added need to be cautious
and apply common sense.
DISCLAIMER TO THE READER
Any use of this information carries with it the expressed and implied
understanding that we cannot be responsible for any adverse
effects believed due to its use. This is an informational
brochure only. The author has provided safe dosage information
on the herbs and nutritional supplements wherever appropriate.
Again, remember that everyone is different and the need for
using common sense cannot be overestimated.
Readers are strongly advised to
acquire and read The Cure for All Cancers by Hulda
R. Clark, Ph.D. N.D., as well as The Cure for HIV and
AIDS and The Cure for All Diseases by
the same author.
Parasite Eradication Program
(To be done in conjunction with the Herbal Home
Colonic Program)
| |
Black
Walnut Tincture
2hrs before or after supper
|
Wormwood
Capsules
2 hrs before or after
supper
|
Clove
Capsules |
L-Ornithine
Capsules |
Para-Min
(With Meals)
|
Colloidial
4xSilver
1 dp full in 8oz water
once in AM
once in PM
|
Shigella
&Salmonella
homeopathic
1dp full at
B L S
|
Echinacea
Capsules |
Zap
with Zapper |
| Day |
|
|
B
|
L
|
S
|
|
|
|
B
|
L
|
S
|
|
|
|
|
|
B
|
L
|
S
|
|
| 1 |
1
tsp in 8 oz water |
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
2
at bedtime |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 2
|
1
tsp in 8 oz water |
1
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
4
at bedtime |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 3 |
1
tsp in 8 oz water |
2
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
6
at bedtime |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 4 |
1
tsp in 8oz water |
2
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
6
at bedtime |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 5 |
1
tsp in 8oz water |
3
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
6
at bedtime |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 6 |
1
tsp in 8oz water |
3
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
6
at bedtime |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 7 |
3
tsp in 8 oz water |
4
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
6
at bedtime |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 8 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
4
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 9 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
5
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 10 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
5
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 11 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
6
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 12 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
6
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 13 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 14 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 15 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 16 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 17 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 18 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 19 |
3
tsp in 8oz water |
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 20 |
4
tsp in 8 oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 21 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 22 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 23 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 24 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 25 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 26 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 27 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 28 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 29 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| 30 |
4
tsp in 8oz water |
8
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
2-6
as needed |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
1
dp AM/PM |
|
1
dp per meal |
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1 hour
|
| Program
key |
Attention-Once
the 30 day program is complete, you will need to do
a weekly maintenance to keep parasite colonies in
check.
|
| B
L S= Breakfast, Lunch, Supper |
| dp=
Dropperful |
Once
a week you should take the following: 2 tsp. Black Walnut
Hull Tincture |
| tsp=
Teaspoon |
2
dp Colloidal Silver AM/PM |
|
3
Clove Capsules at B L S |
| Note:
8oz. of water can be substituted with juice |
2
Para-Min at B L S |
|
3
Wormwood Combinations 2 hours before supper |
· Wormwood: The numbers of capsules shown above should be
taken before or after supper with water (when the stomach is
empty). Continue increasing the number of capsules
until you are at 7 capsules. To maintain yourself parasite
free you will need to take 7 capsules once each week
until your system has healed completely (8 - 12 months).
· B L S refers to Breakfast, Lunch and Supper.
· ZAP= zapping with Beck unit. Days 1 - 21 ZAP a minimum
of 1 hour daily, thereafter, ZAP once weekly for 1 hour.
· Acidophilus (Jarro-Dophilus and Enterogenic Complex) should
also be used in this program. Take as directed.
· Bowel cleansing is also necessary. Use Vega-Lax and Miracle
7 Colon Cleanser for 2 weeks. If necessary, do 703 Cleanse.
. Liver cleansing is also recommended. Use the Clark method
as outlined in her books or as directed.
· Drink Colloidal Silver Water as follows: Days 1--8 4oz
in the morning; 4oz in the afternoon. Days 8--16 2oz A.M;
2oz PM. Days 16 -- 48 drink 2oz daily. Days 48--up
drink 1 oz daily until free of all symptoms for at least 6 months.
· Change plumbing to PVC if copper pipes are in house.
· Take Thioctic acid (100 mg) twice a day or use Cela 2-M
for oral chelation to remove lead and copper from body. If
possible, undergo EDTA chelation therapy to remove all
toxic metals. Oral chelation formulas work but take much
longer.
· Use Vitamin C on all foods. Use 4,000 mg daily. No exceptions.
Take niacinamide 3 times daily to speed up ergot detoxification
in liver.
· Fennel and Turmeric are used in combination to kill Shigella
in the intestines. Lugol's Iodine is used to kill Salmonella
and some Shigella in the stomach.
· If you have mercury toxicity (from dental amalgams) or from
environmental ingestion, go on Mercury Detoxification Program
immediately. If unavailable, begin oral chelation
program immediately.
SCHIZOPHRENIA, PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS AND PARASITES
Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic thought disorder usually
requiring hospitalization during acute episodes. Its relationship
to molds is more than coincidental. Dr. Clark has found that
schizophrenia is associated with mold toxins and may be caused
by molds. Mold toxins are present in higher levels in schizophrenic
families than in other kinds of illness. Even more interesting,
each of these families had four or more kinds of mold toxins
present at the same time. This implies that one toxin does
not have time to undergo detox by the liver before another toxin
must be dealt with. The liver may have been damaged in early
childhood.
Ergot is always seen in sick people and schizophrenia is no
exception. Other mycotoxins are also present. These include
sterigmatocystin, cytochalasin B and aflatoxin.
As the brain undergoes a progressive and ever changing assault
by these mycotoxins (mold toxins), one can observe changes ranging
from compulsive hand washing to paranoia and from hearing voices
to meanness.
A bacteria called Mycobacterium phlei is also present
in an unusually high percentage of schizophrenics. What this
bacteria is doing remains a mystery. Its effects are unknown.
Control Parasites, Especially Strongyloides
Manic depression is a variety of depression associated with
Strongyloides. Full blown manic episodes are usually
accompanied by psychosis of varying degrees. Strongyloides
is the same nematode (worm) that causes migraines and other
types of recurrent headache. CHLORINE is an allergen in virtually
all cases of manic depression and migraine headaches. Whether
an individual gets migraines or manic depression depends on
where in the brain these tiny worms settle in. Dr. Clark suggests
that chlorine might be the deciding factor.
It is very difficult to eradicate Strongyloides in a
whole family and thereby let the depressed person get well.
It is, in fact, impossible if there is a pet or other animal
connection. Getting rid of the chlorine allergy is also very
challenging. Step one is to zap all parasites."
Dr. Clark says "I usually see an accumulation of bromine
as well. Since bromine, fluorine and chlorine are all halogens,
maybe getting too much of any one could saturate the liver's
ability to detoxify chlorine. Stop eating brominated (bleached)
bread. Stop taking drugs containing bromides. That is the
easy part. You must also stop even washing your face in chlorinated
water (use a pure carbon filter system). You inhale it as you
wash. Never drink it or use it for any purpose. Of course,
there should be no bleach container in the house, even when
tightly closed; nor should bleached clothing be worn.
". . .Recovery can be very rapid -- less than a week.
And recurrence just as rapid when a tiny bit of chlorine is
inhaled or drunk. But your careful vigilance pays off. In
half a year you can expect no recurrence.
Control Salmonella and Shigella
Salmonella and Shigella are stomach
and intestinal bacteria that usually cause terrible bloating
and gas. But they can also cause mental disturbances as well
as physical symptoms including dizziness. Salmonella
is present in virtually all foods, but especially high concentrations
are always found in deli food, chicken, dairy products including
butter, milk, yogurt, cheeses, and foods made with these types
of products.
People have chronic Salmonella and Shigella infections.
Every new strain we eat or drink evidently forms hybrids with
the old strain we carry in our stomachs and intestines. Shigella
has a strong capacity to produce feelings of anger, irritability,
and short-tempered behaviors. Shigella is a nervous
system irritant that causes depression, anger, aggression, elation,
and other states. Both the bacteria and its toxins cause all
types of problems in the nervous system including multiple sclerosis.
Six drops of Lugol's iodine (in a glass of water) kills stomach
Salmonella and what ever Shigella happen to be
in the stomach. Lugol's iodine is perfectly safe if you are
not allergic to iodine. Gas and bloating are usually gone in
less than an hour. Take 6 drops in 1/2 glass of water 4 times
a day and it will get rid of even the most stubborn case of
Salmonella.
Lugol's calms manic states. There is a tremendous reduction
in anxiety followed or replaced by a peaceful state. Lugol's
kills Salmonella, Shigella and eggs (cysts) of
parasites in the stomach.
Lugol's iodine will not kill Shigella in the intestines.
But the Black Walnut Hull Tincture is very effective in killing
intestinal Shigella as well as intestinal Salmonella.
Similarly, silver colloids will also kill pathogenic bacteria
in the intestines and throughout the body.
It is important to conquer these "trigger bacteria"
in the intestine. Eradication is impossible but they can be
controlled very effectively. Two herbs are highly effective.
Turmeric and fennel are especially helpful in keeping Shigella
populations under control. If used in association with Acidophilus
(preferably Jarro-Dophilus in combination with Enterogenic Complex)
and on-going regular bowel cleansing the results can be spectacular.
Bowel Cleansing
For bowel cleansing use an herbal laxative product containing
Cascara, Senna and Aloe Vera or some derivative such as Glucomannon
(a dehydrated derivative of Aloe), cayenne pepper and plenty
of water. Two capsules of Vega-Lax taken twice a day with extra-hot
cayenne pepper tincture or cayenne pepper capsules (90,000 H.U.
minimum heat) work nicely. The object is to get the bowels
moving 3 times daily. Adjust the dose as necessary to keep
the daily bowel movements spongy to watery in consistency for
at least two weeks, preferrably three. Beginning about the
second week use a bowel cleansing product containing bulking
agents such as Psyllium Seed Hulls, bentonite, citrus pectin,
apple fiber and other detoxification agents. Miracle 7 Colon
Cleanser is an excellent product of this type. When consumed
with plenty of fresh, non-chlorinated water daily (a minimum
of 8 glasses) and a complete colloidal mineral supplement to
replace lost minerals, the bowels are properly cleansed. If
used with peroxide enemas and the oral ingestion of Aerobic
07 or comparable products, the intestines are prone to give
up their mucoid plaque linings along with the cleaning of diverticula.
If the procedures outlined above do not clean the bowel and
provide relief, then use the Schultz Intestinal Corrective Formulas
1 and 2 and follow with liver and kidney cleanses.
Sterilize all dairy foods before eating or drinking them.
If they cannot be sterilized by boiling for at least 10 seconds,
DO NOT EAT THEM.
Eradicate Hookworms and Hookworm Stages in the
Brain
Dr Clark says "Parasites always found in schizophrenia
are hookworms (4 Ancylostoma varieties) in the brain."
She says to
1. Stop eating all grain products, nut products and syrups
immediately.
2. Sterilize all dairy products.
3. Search for lead and copper in the water.
4. Stop drinking commercial beverages, including bottled water.
5. Zap the parasites in the whole family for three days, followed
by repetitions twice a week.
6. Eliminate Shigella...
7. Give away pets. Schizophrenia is too serious to risk reinfection.
8. Do the dental cleanup.
Herbs hold promise in restoring the parasite damage in schizophrenia.
By zapping, schizophrenics are feeling more normal and showing
more normal behaviors in less than one week. Herbs may speed
this up but be careful to examine herbs electronically (purity
tester) for molds. Blue vervain, sage and ginseng are potentially
valuable in recovery.
Liver Tonic
Make a tonic that will support normal liver (hepatic) functions.
Such a tonic should be a tincture comprised of various herbs
in 80 proof Vodka as follows:
3 parts Milk Thistle Seed
1 part Dandelion root
1 part Oregon Grape Root
1 part Wormwood Leaf
1 part Artichoke Leaf
1 part Beet Leaf
1 part Chicory
1 part Ginger Root
1 part Fennel Seed
Take 2 - 12 dropperfuls three times per day depending on the
severity. This can be potentiated by adding
1 part Chaparral or 1 part Barberry.
Mild Liver Flush
A mild liver flush can be obtained
by mixing fresh citrus juice with other herbs as follows:
Liver Flush Formula
8 oz Citrus Juice (Oranges, Grapefruit, Lemons, Limes - it
makes no difference) or organic Apple Juice
8 oz distilled water
1 large clove Garlic
1 tablespoon Extra Virgin, Organic
Olive Oil
1 chunk (1") Ginger Root
Blend, Liquify, Drink.
After 15 minutes, drink 2 cups of detoxifying
tea.
In time increase the olive oil to 4 tablespoons and increase
the garlic to 4 cloves. Chase with 2-3 oz of fresh orange juice.
Liver Detox Tea Formula
2 parts Roasted Dandelion Root
1 part Cinnamon bark
1 part Cardamon Seed
1 part Licorice Root
1 part Juniper Berries
1 part Ginger Root
1 part Clove Buds
1 part Black Peppercorns
1 part Uva Ursi Leaves
Mill these herbs in a coffee mill and place in an infuser to
make tea. Use 1 teaspoon full per cup. Pour boiling water
over the mixture in the cup or immerse infuser in boiling water.
Steep for 5 - 10 minutes. Drink.
Repeat this cleansing daily until the liver is clean.
A
Note on Hookworms
There are at least four species of hookworms that infect man.
These include: (1) Necator americanus, (2) Ancylostoma
duodenale, and, rarely, (3) A. braziliense, (4) A.
caninum, and (5) A. ceylanicum.
Adult hookworms are small, cylindrical, fusiform, grayish white
nematodes with females measuring 9 to 13 mm in length and 0.35
to 0.6 mm in diameter. These worms have a relatively thick
cuticle. The various species may be differentiated by the number
of teeth in their mouths. A. duodenale has two ventral
pairs of teeth while A. caninum has three ventral pairs.
The life cycles of all species are similar (and similar to
Strongyloides). Eggs, passed in the feces mature in the soil
and produce larvae (rhabditiform larvae) which feed actively
upon bacteria and organic debris, molt for a second time to
become slender, nonfeeding, infective filariform larvae.
Filariform larvae gain access to humans through hair follicles,
pores, and even through unbroken skin. Damp clinging soil facilitates
infection. Access usually occurs through the skin on the foot
and between the toes. The larvae enter the lymphatic system
or venules and are carried in the blood or lymph through the
heart to the lungs, where because of their size, they are unable
to pass the capillary barrier and therefore break out of the
capillaries into the alveoli. They ascend the bronchi and trachea
and are finally swallowed where they pass into the gastrointestinal
tract to lodge in the intestines. This larval blood and pulmonary
migration takes about 1 week. During this week the larvae undergo
a third molt and acquire a temporary mouth capsule, which enables
the adolescent worm to feed. After a fourth molt at about the
13th day, they acquire adult characteristics, and mature egg-laying
females are produced in 5 to 6 weeks.
The hookworms attach to the mucosa of the small intestines
by their buccal capsules. The favorite spot is the upper small
intestine, but in heavy infections the worms may be present
as far as the ileum. They suck the host's blood and mucosal
substances by the tracile pull of the contracting esophagus.
They also secrete an anticoagulant to keep the blood flowing
into their mouths. Since the blood passes rapidly through the
hookworm, it is possible that simple diffusible substances are
consumed. As much as 0.03 ml of blood may be sucked out of
you every 24 hours by N. americanus, while A. duodenale
can suck out anywhere from 0.15 to 0.26 ml of blood in 24 hours.
Approximately 50 percent of the red blood cells are hemolyzed
during passage through the worms intestine. A. duodenale infections
can persist for 6 to 8 years and longer. They lay 20,00 eggs
daily.
The consequences of having only a few worms in your intestines
is insignificant. The problem is there may be thousands of
these worms present. It has been estimated that throughout
the world, the hookworms harbored by only 500 million people,
cause a daily blood loss of more than 1 million liters of blood.
That represents a total blood volume equivalent to that found
in a city the size of Erie, PA or Austin, TX.
